Can you change the date of an upcoming payment?

Yes, you can change the date of an upcoming payment. Go to WooCommerce > Payment Plans and edit the plan that you want to change. The Edit Payment Plan screen will then display. Here, in the Schedule section, edit the Next Payment Date field:

Finally, click Update.

However, if a payment has failed, the underlying WooCommerce Subscriptions plugin puts the plan on hold. You can find more information about this here.